An Analysis Of Children’s Emotion In Privratsky’s Conversations With My Daughter Through The Freudian Psychoanalysis Theory (PBING-24)

CHAPTER I 
 INTRODUCTION

 1.1 Background of the Study


It is obviously understood that in our lives, family is so worthy. Family, as a child’s first  environment, sets the pattern for her/his attitudes toward people, things and life in general. As Teagarden (1946), has pointed out that “all manners of attitude deviations can be and often are,  accounted for by the subtleties of family   relationships”.   Therefore,   the   writer   concludes   harmonious   family relationship depends on the attitudes settled between them.

Freud as cited by Hurlock (1956: 499) states that “there have been marked changes in  attitudes toward children”. Freud contents that too much “parental tenderness” accelerates sexual maturity, “spoils” the child and makes him unable to be satisfied with a smaller amount of love in later phase of life. This attitude toward too much love and interest in and affection for the child was echoed by one of American Psychologists, J.B. Watson (1928: 499). He was  the one who sounded the loudest warnings to parents to beware of too much mother love because of the harmful effects on the personality development of the child.

There are many kinds of parental attitudes established by researchers, and the most commonplace are permissiveness, overprotectiveness, submissive, rejection, domination,  acceptance,  and  submission  to  a child  (Hurlock:  1956).  Those parental attitudes influence children’s emotion. According to Warga (1983: 219), there are five basic emotions, i.e. fear, love, anger, sorrow, and joy. In line with Warga, Ekman and Friesen (1971: 5) suggest that “there are six basic biologically programmed emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust”. To be more specific, Hurlock  (1956: 226) in his book Child Development divides children’s emotion into seven, i.e. fear, anger, worry, jealousy, joy, affection and curiosity.


As cited from Serayawati’s book, Reading Poetry (2000: 1), Murdoch defines literature as “a sort of disciplined technique for arousing certain emotions”. The writer concludes that by reading any kind of literary works, the reader will also learn about the emotion that comes up through its characters. Furthermore, Rees defines literature into two, broad (general) and narrow (limited) sense. The former means  anything  written,  e.g.  newspapers,  travel  brochures,   literature  about washing  machines/computers,  advertisements,  textbooks,  etc.  The  later  means writing expressing a writer’s feelings/emotions, thoughts, ideas, attitudes towards life  and  the  world,  and  having  permanent  values.  The  examples  are  poetry, dramas, prose fictions, essays, and auto/biographies. Short story itself is a kind of prose fictions.
Like any other prose fictions, there are many elements of short story, i.e. setting, plot, characters, point of view, and theme. One of them is character. As cited  from  an  article  Short  Story  Elements  in  the  Internet  online  on  http:// hnsbstaff. ednet. ns.ca/  engramja/elements.html, there are two meanings for the word character. First, it means the person in a work of fiction, and the second, the characteristics of a person. Characters themselves can simply mean people told in a story created through an author’s imagination. According to Eller  (1963:5) as quoted by Zaedasih (2000: 2), “through understanding characters, readers become more tolerant and are able to satisfy curiosity about others”. Here, understanding the characters aimed to learn more about children’s emotion as reflected by the character of daughter in the story.

Mother and daughter are the main characters told in this story. Both of them have different kinds of emotional characteristics. Mother, as one who cares for the daughter much, seems to be a perfect mother. Her full attention and care are not only shown by her gestures but also by her powerful sentence “I love you”, said in every condition that they both had, even when they were in conflict. Malek in his article         Family Conflict           accessed          on        http://   v4.crinfo.   org/    CKEssays/ ckfamilyconflict.  jsp?nid=2207, states that “no matter how loving a family is, all families go through conflict”. As happens to both of the characters, the conflict is about the different point of view between the mother and the daughter in the age of dating and the dating partner itself.

The mother wants her daughter not to have a date before sixteen.

“You could have been killed! And who is this Joe? You know you’re not allowed to date until you’re sixteen, and that’s still four months away! You could have been killed” (p.3)

 
The mother also refuses when her daughter proposes her dating partner, Joe, to be her future husband.

“Honey, can’t we talk about this? You know we don’t entirely trust Joe; he’s been in trouble with the law…” (p.4)

 As the daughter does not get what she wants, it makes her to protest against her mother,


“No, no boys, Mother. For your information, I’m practically the only girl in the whole universe that doesn’t have a steady boyfriend. It’s all because of your stupid rules, not letting me date until I was sixteen and having a stupid curfew and being forced to tell you  exactly where I’m going to be at any given moment.”
“AAAAAAH! Fine, fine! Probably around midnight! Geez, I’ve gotta be the only girl on the planet who still has a curfew!”(p.4)

and even does something rude to her.


“I hate you.” Door slams. (p.4)

Both of the examples above show the daughter’s emotion, which are reflected in her  behavior. The daughter’s climax behavior is when finally she prefers to choose Joe and decides to flee from home. From the condition above, it can be inferred that the daughter is a rebellious person toward her mother. She likes to be against what her mother wants and says.

“I’m getting the hell out of here and Dad can’t stop me!”
“We’re not trying to, we just want to know where you’ll be so we can call you.”
“So you can keep tabs on me? NO THANKS! You’re done calling the shots, Mom. Joe’s taking me out of this stupid town and I’ll be the one deciding if I call or not.” (p.4)

Despite all of the conflicts told in previous, in fact, the writer sees that the tie relationship between the mother and her daughter positively occurs. It is showed when the daughter has lost her baby. She wants her mother to come along.

“Mom, could you come?” “What is it, what’s wrong?”
“Mom, I need you. I lost the baby.” (p.4)


Based on the story above, in this study, the writer feels interested in analyzing daughter’s emotion, as being a rebellious person against mother also happens to us sometimes. By using Freudian psychoanalysis theory, the writer is expected to find the daughter’s id, ego, and superego reflected in her behavior towards her mother, so that the characteristics of the daughter’s emotion in this short story can be caught easily.
Hence, the writer uses a short story entitled Conversations with my Daughter as the object of the study, which tells the core of human’s experience, especially the mother’s experience in treating children by understanding their emotion. It is worth discussing for anyone who wants  to be involved more in their family relationship, especially for a mother and a daughter, based on children’s emotion as well.



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